Those of us who spend our lives in rangelands rarely think simply in terms of soil. We think in terms of soils.

Every soil type reflects an ancient geological history. The soils beneath my feet were formed over thousands, sometimes millions, of years from volcanic ash, ancient basement gneisses, river deposits and the black cotton clays that characterise parts of northern Kenya. They are the inheritance of geology. Each possesses its own physical and chemical characteristics, its own capacity to hold water, cycle nutrients, and support life. Every soil has its own potential, and every soil interacts with particular plant communities. Healthy rangelands are therefore built not on one soil, but on the remarkable diversity of soils and the equally remarkable diversity of plants they support.

The devastating drought of 2021/22 in Kenya severely stressed the soil, underscoring the urgent need for restoration and conservation efforts. On one side of the boundary fence, within the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, lies a protected area dedicated entirely to safeguarding wildlife. In stark contrast, the area on the left is used for livestock grazing, exemplifying how different land uses impact soil health. This stark juxtaposition serves as a potent reminder: understanding how landscapes function at the soil level is crucial for preserving landscape integrity and ensuring a thriving environment for future generations. Our actions today will determine the health of our land tomorrow.